Why is coal still used as a source of electrical energy even though it damages the environment?

Coal continues to be used as a source of electrical energy in some parts of the world for several reasons, despite its known environmental impact and contribution to climate change. These reasons vary by region and include:

• Energy Reliability: Coal has historically been a reliable source of baseload power, meaning it can produce a consistent and continuous supply of electricity. This makes it essential for maintaining a stable electrical grid, especially in regions where variable renewable energy sources like wind and solar are not as prevalent.
• Energy Security: Some countries have abundant coal reserves, which they use to reduce dependence on imported energy sources. This can enhance energy security and reduce vulnerability to international energy market fluctuations.
• Affordability: In some regions, coal remains a cost-effective source of energy production. The low cost of coal can make electricity more affordable for consumers and businesses.
• Existing Infrastructure: Many power plants and electrical infrastructure are designed to burn coal. Transitioning to alternative energy sources requires significant investments and changes in infrastructure.
• Job Creation: The coal industry provides jobs in mining, transportation, and power generation. In regions heavily dependent on coal, there can be resistance to transitioning away from coal due to the potential economic impact on local communities.
• Political and Regulatory Factors: In some countries, political factors and lobbying by coal-related industries can influence energy policy and delay the transition to cleaner energy sources.
• Lack of Alternatives: In some cases, alternatives to coal, such as natural gas or renewable energy, may not be readily available or may face their own challenges in terms of infrastructure, cost, or energy security.

Despite these reasons, the negative environmental impact of coal has led to a global push to reduce its use and transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources. Many countries are implementing policies and incentives to promote renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions. The Paris Agreement, an international treaty, aims to limit global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including those from coal-fired power plants.

Efforts to reduce the environmental impact of coal include the development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, which capture carbon dioxide emissions from coal plants and store them underground. Additionally, some countries are investing in cleaner coal technologies and increasing the efficiency of coal-fired power plants.

The transition away from coal is a complex process that involves addressing economic, political, and social factors while ensuring a reliable and affordable energy supply. Many regions are making progress in this transition, but it remains a significant global challenge to balance energy needs with environmental sustainability.